Comparison of Public, Private Schools and Deeni Madaris Students Regarding their Social, Moral and Economic Adjustment in the Society

Abstract

Everyone pursues adjustment to multifarious circumstances and tries to adjust himself to his surroundings. Therefore, social, moral, and economic adjustment of students is very essential while living in the society in which they are identified as social members. The key purpose of the study was to examine the comparison of Public, Private Schools, and Deeni Madaris students regarding their social, moral, and economic adjustment in society. All Public, Private Secondary Schools, and Deeni Madaris in the Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were included in the population of the study. The total numbers of (N = 405957) respondents including all-male principals, teachers, students, and parents of Public, Private Secondary Schools and Deeni Madaris in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were the target population of the study. A total number of (n = 1500) male respondents (Principals, teachers, students, and parents) in Public, Private Secondary Schools and Deeni Madaris were taken as samples from six selected districts (Kohat, Karak, Bannu, Lakki Marwat, D.I.Khan, and Tank) of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan through simple random, disproportionate, stratified and convenient (Judgmental) sampling techniques. The key objectives of the study were: 1. To know the perceptions of stakeholders (Principals, Teachers, Parents, and students) regarding the social, moral, and economic adjustment of Public School students in society. 2. To examine the perceptions of stakeholders (Principals, Teachers, Parents, and students) regarding the social, moral, and economic adjustment of Private School students in society. 3. To determine the perceptions of stakeholders (Principals, Teachers, Parents, and students) regarding the social, moral, and economic adjustment of Deeni Madaris students in society. 4. To compare the perceptions of stakeholders (Principals, Teachers, Parents, and students) regarding the social, moral, and economic adjustment of Public, Private Schools, and Deeni Madaris students in the society. The study was delimited to all-male principals, teachers, students, and parents in Public, Private Secondary Schools, and Deeni Madaris. Only social, moral, and economic aspects of students were focused on in the study. A questionnaire of six points Likert scale was distributed among the sampled male principals, teachers, students, and parents in Public, Private Secondary Schools, and Deeni Madaris for data collection.The validity and reliability of the research instrument were ensured.Validity of the research instrument (Questionnaire) was ensured through research experts in education (Dr.Liaqat Hussain, Dr. Malik Amer Atta, Dr.Zafar Khan, and Dr. Miraj Ud Din from IER Gomal University; Likewise, Dr. Amir Zaman and Dr. Saqib Shahzad) from Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; similarly Dr. Rahim Khan from Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar). Cronbach’s Alpha was used to analyze and assess the internal consistency of the research instrument. The collected data were statistically analyzed through Frequency and One Way ANOVA by entering it into SPSS. Preference was given to the latest literature. The researcher interpreted and described the significance of his findings in the light of his research problem by comparing Public, Private schools, and Deeni Madaris students regarding their social, moral, and economic adjustment in society in which 72.86% respondents were found overall agree and 27.13% disagree regarding students to be the socially adjusted in society; likewise, 72.8% respondents were found agree xvi while 27.2% respondents disagree about students to be morally adjusted in society; similarly, 70% respondents were found agree and 30% respondents disagree regarding students’ economic adjustment in society. Furthermore, the researcher examined the views of the respondents (principals, teachers, parents, and students) regarding their social, moral, and economic adjustment in society. The researcher overall explored in his findings that principals' perceptions were found more in the favor regarding social and economic adjustment of Deeni Madaris students in society, whereas they perceived public school students more morally adjusted in society as compared to students of Private schools and Deeni Madaris. Likewise, the researcher examined teachers’ trend of favor regarding social and economic adjustment of Deeni Madaris students while moral adjustment of Public School students in society; similarly, the researcher investigated the perceptions of parents in his findings who were of the views that Deeni Madaris students were more socially, morally and economically adjusted in society. The researcher explored in the light of findings in his research study that students by themselves were more in favor of Private school students to be socially and morally adjusted in society whereas their perceptions and remarks were in favor of Deeni Madaris students to be economically adjusted in society for the students of Deeni Madaris more avail the opportunities and chances to earn and strengthen their economy in society besides their Madrasa learning activities as compared to Public and Private school students. The researcher concluded the key purpose of his study by keeping in view the research problem and objectives of the study to compare students of Public, Private schools and Deeni Madaris regarding their social, moral, and economic adjustment in society. The researcher finally concluded and investigated in his study that comparatively, there were slight differences among Public, Private schools and Deeni Madaris students regarding their social, moral, and economic adjustment in society in one or other way but in the light of literature review and results of the study, the researcher draws a conclusion that Pakistan is among the developing countries where educational quality and living standards are quite high, mature and advance that enable Secondary level students of Public, Private Schools, and Deeni Madaris to socially, morally and economically adjust in society that has been already obviously shown in the statistical results of the study as the Mean values mostly fall below 04 which indicates that social, moral and economic adjustment of students of Public, Private Schools, and Deeni Madaris) is not quite satisfactory. The key focus of the researcher regarding social adjustment of public, private schools and Deeni Madaris students included confidence, positive dealing, flexibility, social responsibilities, effective listening, social skills, friendly nature, trustworthiness, balanced conversation, proper life planning cooperation, generosity, conservative approach, reformative mindedness, hospitality; while their moral adjustment was comprised of respect, obeying parents, teachers, elder and older, tolerance, good moral characters, listening to others’ opinions, justice in society, learning from mistakes, negative criticism, laughing at others, peaceful nature, integrity, politeness and humbleness, acting upon the advice of elders, empathy, as well as steady temperament, and their economic adjustment consisted of factors like Mathematical skills/knowledge, positive dealing with customers, earning techniques, use of computer for earning purposes, use of mobile phone for economic purposes, use of technical skills for economic stability, students’ vocational expertise, online business, part-time job for economic stability, creativity in earning matters, flexibility in business dealing, business ethics, others’ trust on economic dealing, business workshops, and partnership technique. The researcher suggested some useful suggestions and recommendations after the completion of his research task by keeping findings and objectives of the study that although different respondents of the study (principals, teachers, parents, and students) xvii were found either agree or disagree regarding the social, moral and economic adjustment of Public, Private schools and Deeni Madaris students in society in one way or another but the researcher reach to the point by giving suggestions that students at this level may be given different responsibilities to depict their all those activities that are fully related to their social, moral and economic adjustment in society. The government, parents, teachers, and other community members may involve students in social, moral, and economic activities to polish them in society in which public, Private schools, and Deeni Madaris may play a vital role.