Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Molecular and Ion Imprinted Polymer

Abstract

Remediation and monitoring of toxic inorganic and organic materials pollution have got more attenuation and became a crucial global issue because inorganic materials i.e. toxic heavy metals cause different biotic abnormalities. Heavy metals penetrate the human body through various sources, disrupting cellular functions resulting in toxicity, and are excreted either by the liver, kidney, or spleen. Arsenic, Cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and Cobalt are toxic metals. These metals are the main source of contamination in water. Number of organic compounds come in aqueous system (e.g. groundwater, rivers, lakes and oceans) as a result of daily life activities of human beings. Some of them are highly bio accumulate, carcinogenic and degradable. Large number of organic pollutants such as pesticides, dyes, phenols, epoxy resins pharmaceuticals, personal care products and other industrial chemicals that are released on the routine bases into aqua system via direct release of waste water. Organic pollutants have high toxicity even in very small quantities, which can significantly harm the living organisms. To highlight this problem, researchers have stimulated and mimicked the sensitivity and selectivity of solid phase extraction (SPE) can be improved by utilizing SPE based ion imprinted and molecular imprinted polymers. This study is divided into six parts. First Part: In this part newly prepared arsenic imprinted polymer (As-IP). This prepared polymer was characterized by SEM, EDX, and FT-IR. The kinetic study was best defined by pseudo-second-order, while Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to present data. The maximum adsorption capacity of As-IPs was found up to 106.3mg/g. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.87 and 2.9µg/L. Second Part: The current study describes the unique Pb2+ ion imprinted polymer. The resultant Pb2+ -IPs was characterized by the EDX, SEM, and FTIR. The kinetic study was best defined by pseudo-second-order, while Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to present data. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ -IPs was obtained up to 85.47 mg/g at pH 6. Good linearity was achieved in (10–100 μg/L) concentration range, with LOD (0.74µg/L) and LOQ (2.48 µg/L). XI Third Part: This study describes new method for the synthesis of Cd2+ ion imprinted polymer. The resultant Cd2+ -IPs was characterized by the EDX, SEM, and FTIR. The kinetic study was best defined by pseudo-second-order, while Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to present data. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+ IPs was obtained up to 62.9 mg/g at pH 6. Good linearity was achieved in (5–50 μg/L) concentration range with LOD 0.88 and LOQ 2.95 µg/L. Fourth Part: The current study describes the Co2+ tagged novel ion imprinted polymer. The resultant Co2+ -IPs was characterized by the EDX, SEM, and FTIR. The kinetic study was best defined by pseudo-second-order, while Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to present data. The maximum adsorption capacity of Co2+ ion imprinted polymer was obtained up to 80 mg/g at pH 6. Good linearity was achieved in (10–100 μg/L) concentration range with LOD 0.59 and LOQ was 1.97. Fifth Part: The current study describes the new synthesis method for the Bisphenol (PBA) imprinted polymer. The resultant BPA-IPs was characterized by the SEM, and FTIR. The kinetic study was best defined by pseudo-second order, while Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to present data. The maximum adsorption capacity of BPA imprinted polymer was found up to 75.18 mg/g at pH 6. Good linearity was achieved in 5–50 μg/L concentration range with LOD (0.617 µg/L) and LOQ (2.057 µg/L). Sixth Part: The current study describes the novel method developed for the synthesis of Bisphenol F (BPF) imprinted polymer. The resultant BPF molecule imprinted polymer was characterized by the SEM, and FTIR. The kinetic study was best defined by pseudo-second-order, while Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to present data. The maximum adsorption capacity of BPF molecule imprinted polymer was 70.9 mg/g at pH 6. Good linearity was achieved in (5–50 μg/L) concentration range with LOD (0.425 µg/L) and LOQ (1.41µg/L). The synthesized imprinted polymer was also applied to real aqueous samples for the selective extraction of targeted ions and molecules.