SYNIBESIS AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BINARY AND TERNARY COMPOUNDS OF IRON, TITINIUM AND TIN NANOPARTICL ES FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS

Abstract

This piece of work was designed for the synthesis of nanoparticle in single, binary and ternary form and evaluated for different applications. The Fe3O4, SnO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by using different precursors (FeCl3, FeCl2, SnCl2.5.H2O and Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4).. The successful synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD and FTIR analysis. Synthesized nanoparticles were tested for adsorption of Pb(II), antimicrobial activity, magnetic properties and electrical properties. The batch method was applied for the adsorption of ion at pH 5 and at three different temperatures, 293, 303 and 313 K. These adsorbents were characterized by Brunauer-Emmet and Teller (BET) for surface area by N2 adsorption-desorption method, X-rays diffraction (XRD), Transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The maximum adsorption capacity of 53.33, 47.21 and 65.65 mg/g of lead ions was detected at 313 K by Fe3O4, SnO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles respectively, while Fe3O4/SnO2, Fe3O4/TiO2 and TiO2/SnO2 was found to be 68.68, 71.74 and 68.36 mg/g respectively. Furthermore, maximum adsorption capacity of ternary nano composite was found to be 79.56 mg/g at 313 K. The particle size calculated from TEM images was 7 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm for Fe3O4, SnO2 and TiO2 NPs, respectively. The size of Fe3O4/SnO2, Fe3O4/TiO2 and TiO2/SnO2 binary NPs calculated from TEM was about 9, 10 and 7 nm in diameter, while, 14 nm for ternary nanoparticle. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied. The high regression value (R2 = 0.998) for Langmuir suggested that the model was fitted well to adsorption data. The increase in Xm and Kb values with rise in temperature indicated that the adsorption process was thermodynamically favored. The positive value of ΔH indicated the adsorption process was endothermic in nature and xxxi positive value of ΔS attributed to the increasing randomness during the adsorption process. The decrease in the ΔG with increase temperature suggested that the adsorption process was more spontaneous at high temperature. The antibacterial activities of ternary nanoparticles were tested against Staph. Aureus (32 mm) and Pseudomonas (25 mm), which showed highest activity, while binary shows moderate activities. Electrical resistivity of all the samples decreased with increase in the temperature indicating semiconductor nature of the samples. Activation energy values were found high for ternary nanocomposite as compared to binary nanoparticles. Only magnetite (Fe3O4) showed ferimagnetic behavior, while all the other samples under study showed paramagnetic behavior in applied magnetic field at room temperature. It was concluded that all these nanoparticles have considerable potential for the removal of Pb(II) from contaminated aqueous solution and can be used as antimicrobial agent.