حکمرانی کے اصول و حکم: قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں جدید مغربی افکار کا تجزیہ

Abstract

Government plays an important role in maintaining the discipline and order of the society. It is a tool to secure the peace of society and serves as guardian of personal and collective interests. Without an effective government the prosperity and progress of a society is not possible. Throughout the history, scholar and philosopher, used to present the principles and wisdom of statecraft. After renaissance a number of Western scholars and political philosophers talked about it in an impressive and effective way. In the same way world’s religions especially Islam provide guide lines in this regard. Both of these are, no doubt, valuable and important to develop a system in the modern world which could fulfill the present day needs. In order to achieve the above mentioned goal the principles of statecraft given by western political thinkers and Islam are analyzed in this thesis. After giving the history of principles of statecraft from 3000 BC to 1600CE, the principles derived from Quran and Sunnah in the light of views of Muslim scholars are stated. Islam has talked about the basic principles of statecraft without dealing with the details in this respect. In order to deal with the core purpose of this thesis, Modern Western political scholar's thoughts from Machiavelli to Harold Laski had been presented and analyzed in the light of Islamic principles about statecraft. A gradual change of views has been observed in this respect. Sovereignty had been transferred from ruler to people and religion had been cut off from state's political affairs. Representative form of government had been proposed and majority's rule had been accepted. Division of labor was happened in governmental affairs and separate institutes i.e Executive, Legislature and Judiciary, were set up. People's welfare had been set as the primary purpose of establishment of government. The principles of statecraft put by modern western political thinkers and Islam have similarities and differences at the same time. Islam has put forward the basic rules for statecraft which can be molded according to the conditions and needs of humanity. But Islam puts the limits of divine rule which cannot be overruled by any one in any condition.