Eco-Biology of Mango Fruit Flies of Bactrocera Species (Dipteria: Tephiritidae) and Susceptibility of Some Mango Varieties of Sindh Against Fruit Flies

Abstract

During present study effect of environmental factors, Viz. biotic (host) and abiotic factors (weather parameters) on the richness and inhabitants of fruit fly.The major pest of mango is Bactrocera dorsalis and fruit flies, were observed in two localities of Sindh, such as Mirpur khas and Naushahro feroze, during 2014-2015. Peek incidence of fruit fly activity was observed during month of July (254.52), population of fruit fly decline during fourth week of September (56.62). correlation studies between occurrence and climate parameters, showed important positive relationship with average temperature, rainfall weak negative correlation during 2014 and positive relationship during 2015, Humidity show weak negative correlation and Wind velocity positively correlation with population of fruit flies in both localities. Present studies on biology of Bactrocera dorsalis revealed that the freshly laid eggs were silver, rice formed slightly bent lengthened tapering at anterior besides posterior end. The mean length and breadth of the egg were found to be (0.54±0.11mm and 0.19±0.08mm).The 1st instar and 2 nd instar measured (2.6±0.75mm and 0.55±5.88mm) in length individually, and (0.27±0.82mm and 2.34±0.78mm) in breadth respectively. The third instar was very mobile and measured (7.68±0.72mm in length 3.58±0.25mm) in breadth. The pupae measured (4.47±0.64mm in length 2.69±0.16mm and 2.69±0.16mm) in breadth. The length and breadth of male was (8.65±0.58mm and 10.34±1.18mm), whereas, the female measured (9.79±0.53mm in length and 13.98±0.27mm) in breadth. The time of egg incubation, and the (larval, pre-pupal and pupal periods) were (1.61±0.51, 9.97±2.25, 8.52±0.88) days, respectively. Pre-oviposition and oviposition periods ranged from 13-14 and 20-22 days. Fecundity varied from 14-15eggs, while egg hatching was 77.31±1.97. Sex ratio (Male: Female) was 1.17± 2.07. Longevity of adults was not significantly different (P>0.05) in varieties. The susceptibility of four economically significant mango varieties (Chunsa, Sindhri, Beganpali and Sonaro) in Sindh Pakistan to the attack by Bactrocera dorsalis was assessed through a consumption of mango pulp by larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis as well as some nutritional quality parameters of mango. Vulnerability was checked by including and relating the number of puparia recovered from different varieties. Chunsa was found to be the most susceptible, followed by Beganpali, Sindhri and Sonaro variety. The emergence of flies were not significant different (P>0.00) in all varieties.